Window construction



May 26, 1953 A. w. GRIST. 2,

' WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 2, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet l LJ I INVENTOR.

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May 26, 1953 A. w. ems-r WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheeis-Sheet 2 Filed Aug.2, 1948 INVENTOR. ARTHUR w. 5

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Patented May 26, 1953 WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Arthur W. Grist, Newport News,Va., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Brown & Grist Company, NewportNews, Va., a copartnership composed of Robert A. Cassidy, Robert F.Flax- R. G. Brown ington, Bernard J. Utley, L. E. Wooldridge, and

Application August z, 1948, Serial No. 411,910

1 This invention relates, as'indicated, to window sash and moreparticularly to an awning type window structure in which a plurality ofsash or ventilators are superimposed and interconnected for synchronousmovement.

.Th various advantages of this general type of construction are beingincreasingly appreciated, partly as a result' of the present greatpopularity of metal sash such as aluminum sash which is especiallyadapted for such use. Thi invention is. concerned with improving certainfeatures which have caused trouble and annoyance. in the past whileatthe same time providing an assembly which is very simple to install andoperate.

A primary object ofmy invention is to provide a window of the typeindicated in which only one of a series of ventilators or sash isconnected to the supporting frame by means of a. link having fixedpoints of pivotal attachment, the otherventilators being free-floating.

. Another object of my invention is to provide means whereby all suchventilators will be self-,

locking in open position. A furtherobject is to so mount the. individualsash or ventilators that full four-sided double scaling is obtained whenclosed.

-Still another object is to provide one set of tie bars for controllingthe vertical position of the ventilatorsand another set for controllingtheir angular osition. I Y 1 v other objects of my invention will appearas the description proceeds.- v

To'the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends; said inventionthen comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularlypointed out in the claims; the following description and the annexeddrawing settingforth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of theinvention, these being indicative, however, of but a few of thevariousways in which the principle of the invention may be employed. In saidannexed drawing:-

Fig. 1 is a perspective view ofa window employing the sash of myinvention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view thereof show ing the means wherebysuch sash are mounted.

and interconnected; H l i' Fig. 3 is. a horizontal sectional view takenalong the line 3-3 on Fig. 2; I

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 4-4 on E'ig'.2; g

5 an enlarged perspective view of the lower sash of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken through such lowersash and frame.

12 Claims. (01. 189-67) Referring now more particularly to said drawing,the. windowconstruction of myinvention comprises a rectangular frame Iinto which are mounted a plurality of superimposed swinging sash 2, 3,and 4. As will appear below, the precise number of sash to be employedis a matter of choice and the proportions and dimensions thereof may beselected asdesired. The top, bottom, and sides .of. frame I maydesirably be formed of aluminum angle members having laterally extendingside' flanges 5 adapted to engage the outer surface of the wall in whichthe window is installed. An innervframe consisting of. aluminum anglemembersli .is mounted within frame l and serves to provide a neat andpleasing appearance as viewed, from within the building, concealing thesash mounting means from view. The outer edge of such inner frame 6 alsoserves the additional purpose of providing an inner seal for the sashwhen the latter are closed. 7

' Frame I is dividedinto vertically arranged sections by means ofcrossbars 1 and 8, each such bar carrying an outwardly protrudingdownturned lip or flange 9 and, Ill respectively. A similar lip l l isprovided on the upper cross member of frame I. These lips or flangesserve'to receive the outer upper edge of the respective sash toprovide aweather sealwhen the latter are in closed position. H

The three sash proper are. themselves identical although the respectivemounting means therefor differ somewhat as explained below. Each sash isrectangular and may be formedof aluminum angle members of Zcross-.section having laterally outwardly extending flanges l2, andperipheral inwardly extending flanges 13 connected by an intermediateweb or .wall portion M. The sashv will be glazed in the usual fashionwith the' glass'l5 set in putty It. The upper transverse portion offlange I2 is adapted to fit snugly under the corresponding downturnedlipsuch as l0 car! ried by crossbar 8 (Figs 2 and 5) and'at the sidesand bottom of the sash suchflange engages and overlies laterallyextending flange 5 of main frame I. Inner peripheral flange i3 isadapted'to engage the edge of inner frames and at the top of the sash toengage downturned flange llof thecrossbars such as crossbar B. "It willthus be seen that a double weather seal is obtained'fabout the entirecircumference of each lsash. It will be 'appreciated that theforegoingdescription'of the sash, while referring principally to thelower sash member 4, is nevertheless equally applicable to the other twosash members! and 3.

' As best shown in Figs. 2 and 6, lower sash mem- 3 her 4 is providedwith link members [8 and i9 pivotally connected to frame I at 20 and tothe side of the sash at 2|. Only the lower sash is provided with suchlinks.

A pair of lever arms 22 and 23arealso provided pivoted to therespectivesides of frame I rate. fixed point 25. The outer ends of such lever armscarry slide followers 25 fitting in slides 26 on the outer sides of thesash. When the sash are in closed position, slide followers 25 willbeIlnYtIIe lower end of slide 26 (Fig. 2 .and, when the sash are in openposition, such slidefollowers will be in the upper end of the slide(Fig. 6).. Lever arms 22 have ofiset portions 21 beyondiulcrum pivots 24and vertically extending connecting rods 28 pivotally connect the endsof such ofiset portions 21 of each respective tier of lever arms,thereby insuring that all will move in synchronismabout their pivots 24.

The upper ends of the respective sash are retained within frame I duringoutward swinging movement of vthe sash'by means ofslidebracketsZS-pivotally secured to side webs 14 of the sashrat 30- and. travelingin generally vertically extending slideways 3i. As best shown inFig. 6,slideways 3i incline slightlyinwardlyat their upper ends sothatas theupper edge of the sashdescends it will simultaneously .move slightlyoutwardly. When thesash is returned to closed'position, this movementwilllbegreversed while the sash swings about itspivotiifl into verticalposition. Thus, as indicated above .and with reference 'to Fig. 2, itwi1l.be understood that because slideways 3| incline slightly inwardlyat their upper ends, the

upper portion of the sash is caused'to shift bodily inwardly relativetothe frame during final closing movement of the sash compensating 'forthe simultaneous outward swinging movement of fiangeli2-aboutpivot 30wherebysuchfflange may be inserted behind depending .lip ID to .bearagainst the outerJface of the upper transverse window .portionthustoiacilitate the obtaining of a tight weather seal without danger ofjamming. As "best shown in Fig. 6, pivot 30 projectsabove the .upperedge of the sash a distance substantially equal tothe upward extent ofsash flange l2so thatcluring-final closing movement for example, theoutward swinging movement 'of the flange is relatively small requiringonly slightfinclination of the guideway to offset such swingingmovement. Although such arrangement o'fithe pivot with respectto flange12 is.not absolutely necessary, nevertheless, in most instances the samewill ordinarily be. pre'ferredin order that the amount of inclination oftheslideways may be kept small. It willbe understood of course that theslidewaysneedbe inclined intheir upperregions-only'thusto facilitateobtaininga tight seal. However, in the interests of economy, suchslideways will ordinarily be straight and uniformly inclined as shown'Brackets29 of the respective tiers of sash are rigidly connectedby'means of bars or rods 32 so that the upper edges of the respectivesash are required to "move in synchronism.-

It will now be apparent that when the lower sash d is opened to thepositionshown in Figs. '1, 5, and=6,=the upper sash are caused tofollowsuit and will at all timesbeexactlyparallel with lower sash Thepair of links 18 and 19 secured to suchlower sash, however, are all thatare required to lockithe entire set in .open position. Whenit is desiredtoagain close the window, the upper edge of the lower sash may be.grasped and manually elevated whereupon all of thesash will swing closedwith a minimum of effort. A lock or catch 33 will ordinarily be providedfor the lower sash only to secure them all in such closed position.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may beemployed,.change.being made as regards thedetails described,-rovldedathe features stated in any of the following claims or theequivalent of such be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly 'c'laimas myinvention:

l. vIn an. awningtype window structure having a plurality ofsuperimposed sash mounted in a frame .for outward swinging movement,generally vertical slideways in the sides of such frame,

15 therelbeingapair of said slideways for each sash,

slides adaptedfto'travel in each of said slideways with the upperportions of such respective sash pivotally secured thereto, connectingrods interconnecting said slides of each vertical tier to cause the sameto movein unison, crossbars dividing the window opening of suchframeinto vertically arrangedsectionscorrespondingtoeach such gsash,outwardly protruding 'downturncd flanges on each said crossbar'and'theupper cross member of such frame forming weather 'sealsc'f inverted,generally U-shaped conformation,;peripherallaterally outwardly extendingflangeson each such sash adapted to "tightly engage such frame in closed'positionxandiin'theirnpper transverse portions to 'fit snuglyPinto suchweather seals, thereby providing an "external seal, said: slidewayssloping slightly outwardly in *a downward direction, whereby, duringfinal "closing movement of such sash, 'such'upnergportionsof suchsashare caused to shift bodily inwardly relative to such Iframecompensating for the simultaneous outward swinging movement "of suchupper transverse portions :of said flanges about such pointsof,pivotaiconnection.and facilitating insertion of such uppertransverseportions*intc' such weather seals, slideways onthe ou'tersides of each sash, lever arms pivotally'mounted on? the sides of suchframe and carrying slides 'atxthcir.

outer ends fitted in and adapted *to travel-along said latter respectiveslideways, cffsetportions of said lever arms beyond suchfulcrum pivots,ventically extending connecting rods pivotally interconnecting therespective ends of-said ofi's et portionsof each verticaltier to causesaidlever arms to swingin' unison to' maintain-the respective-sash inparal e planes, a pairof iinksforsuch'lowen most sash only pivo'tallysecured at one end' ito such frame and at the other end'toa'si'deof'such sash to hold "the same in open position, an inner framewithin said first frame enclosing and concealing said arms,links-androds'when such arein close'dposition and adapted toengage'suchsash toprovide afurther'internal'seal,and-means adapted to locl-said"lowermost"sash in closed position.

2. In an awning type window structure'having a lurality of superimposedsash mounted in a frame for outward swingingmovement, generally verticalslideways in the "sides of such frame, there being a pair of saidslideways for each sash, slides adapted to travel in each 'o'fzsaidslideways with'the upper portionsof such respective sash pivotallysecured thereto, connecting rods interconnecting said slides -.of.eachvertical tier to cause the same tomoveinflunison slideways on'the outersides of eaclrsash, lever arms pivotally mounted onthe sides of suchframe-g and carrying slides at their outerendsfittedinand adapted totravel along .said latter respective slideways, ofiset portions.o'f-said .lever arms lbedownward movement, mounted on such frame, eachsaid arm having an yond such fulcrum pivots, vertically extendingconnecting rods pivotally interconnecting the rea plurality ofsuperimposed sash mounted in a.

frame for outward swinging movement, means mounting the upper portionsof such sash for vertical sliding movement and outward swingingmovement, means interconnecting such sash adapted to synchronize suchvertical movement, lever arms pivotally mounted on such frame, each saidarm having an end pivotably and slidably secured to the side of arespective sash, means pivotally interconnecting said arms for movementthereof in unison, and link means pivotally secured to said frame at oneend and at the other end to the lowermost of such sash only to hold thesame in open position and thereby through said connecting means likewisehold such other superimposed sash in corresponding position.

4. In a window structure having a plurality of superimposed sash mountedin a frame for outward swinging movement, means mounting such respectivesash for downward sliding and outward swinging movement, meansinterconnecting such mounting means adapted to synchronize such leverarms pivotally end pivotably and slidably secured to the side of arespective sash, and means pivotably interconnecting said arm formovement thereof in unison.

5. In a window structure having a sash mounted in a frame for outwardswinging movement, generally vertical slideways in the sides of suchframe sloping slightly outwardly in a downward direction, slide meansmounting the upper portion of such sash for pivotal and longitudinalmovement with respect to said slideways, and link means pivotallysecured to such frame at one end and at the other end to such sash tosupport the latter in open position. 1

6. In an awning type window structure having a plurality of superimposedsash mounted in a frame for outward swinging movement, means mounted insuch frame for generally vertical sliding movement with the upperportions of such respective sash pivotally secured thereto, meansinterconnecting the aforesaid means to cause the latter to move inunison, slideways on the outer sides of each sash, lever arms pivotallymounted on the sides of such frame and carrying slides at their outerends fitted in and adapted to travel along said respective slideways,offset portions of said lever arms beyond such fulcrum pivots,vertically extending connecting rods pivotally interconnecting therespective ends of said offset portions of each vertical tier to causesaid lever arms to swing in unison to maintain the respective sash inparallel planes, and a pair of links for such lowermost sash onlypivotally secured at one end to such frame and at the other end to aside of such sash to hold the same in open position.

7. In an awning type window structure having a plurality of superimposedsash mounted in a frame for outward swinging movement, means mounted onsuch frame for generally vertical sliding movement with the upperportion of such respective sash pivotally secured thereto, meansinterconnecting the aforesaid means to cause the .6 latter'to move inunison, slideways on the outer sides of each sash, lever arms on thesides of such frame and carrying slides at their outer ends fitted inand adapted to travel along said respective slideways, means pivotallyinterconnecting said arms for movement thereof in unison to maintain therespective sash in parallel planes, and link means pivotally secured tosaid frame at one end and at the other end to one of such sash only tohold the same in open position and thereby through said interconnectingmeans likewise hold such other sash in corresponding position.

8. In an awning type window structure having a plurality of superimposedsash mounted in a frame for outward swinging movement, means mountingsuch sash for vertical sliding and outward swinging movement, meansinterconnecting such sash adapted to synchronize such vertical movement,slideways on the outer sides of each sash, lever arms pivotally mountedon the sides of such frame and carrying slides at their outer endsfitted in and adapted to travel along said respective slideways, offsetportions of said lever arms beyond such fulcrum pivots, verticallyextending connecting rods pivotally interconnecting the respective endsof said ofi'set portions of each verticaltier to cause said lever armsto swing in unison to maintain the respective sash in parallel planes,and link means pivotally secured at one end to such frame and at theother end to one of such sash only to hold the same in open position.

9. In a window structure having a sash mounted in a frame, meansmounting said sash for downward sliding movement of the upper portionthereof and simultaneous outward swinging movement of the lower portionthereof comprising generally vertical guideways on said frame, and meansmounting the upper portion of said sash for pivotal movement withrespect to said guideways and movement lengthwise thereof; an upwardlyextending transverse flange on the upper edge of said sash adapted tooverlap and lie closely adjacent to the outer face of the uppertransverse portion of said frame when said sash is closed, saidguideways sloping slightly outwardly in a downward direction at least inthe upper portions thereof, whereby, during final closing movement ofsaid sash, such upper portion of said sash is caused to shift bodilyinwardly relatively to said frame compensating for the simultaneousoutward swinging movement of said flange about such point of pivotalconnection.

10. In a window structure having a sash mounted in a frame, meansmounting said sash for downward sliding movement of the upper portionthereof and simultaneous outward swinging movement of the lower portionthereof comprising generally vertical guideways on said frame, and meansmounting the upper portion of said sash for pivotal movement withrespect to said guideways and movement lengthwise thereof; a transversedownwardly projecting flange on said frame above the window opening, andan upwardly extending transverse flange on the upper edge of said sashadapted to overlap and lie closely adjacent to the outer face of saidflange on said frame when said sash is closed, such point of pivotalconnection being located above such upper edge of said sash a disstancesubstantially equal to the upward extent of said flange thereon, andsaid guideways sloping slightly outwardly in a downward direction,whereby, during final closing movement of said "4 such'upper portion ofsaid sash is caused toshift bodily inwardly relative to, said framecompensating for the simultaneous" outward swinging movement of saidflange on said sash about such point of pivotal connection.

11-. In a window structure having a, sash mounted in a frame, meansmounting said sash for downward sliding movement of the upper portionthereof and simultaneous outward swinging movement of the lower portionthereof comprising generally vertical guideways on said frame, and meansmounting the upper portion of said sash for pivotal movement withrespect to said guideways and movement lengthwise thereof; a transverse,inverted channel on said frame above the window opening, and an upwardlyextending transverse flange on the upper edge of s'aid'sa'sh adapted tofit closely within said channel when said sash is closed to provide'aWeather seaL'and said guideways sloping slightly outwardly in a downwarddirection, whereby, during final closing movement of said sash, suchupper portion of said sash is caused to shift bodily inwardly relativeto said frame compensating for the simultaneous outward swingingmovement of said flange on said sash about such point of pivotalconnection and facilitating insertion of said flange into said channel.

12. In a window structure having a sash mounted in a frame, meansmounting said sash for downward sliding movement of the upper portionthereof and simultaneous outward swing ing movement of the lower portionthereof comprising generally vertical guideways on said frame, and meansmounting the upper portion of said sash for pivotal. movement withrespec to said guideways and movement lengthwise thereof; a transverse,inverted channelon said frame above the window opening, and an upwardlyextending transverse flange on the upper edge of said sash adapted tofit closely within said channel when said sash is closed to provide aweather seal, such point of pivotal connection being located above suchupper edge of said sash a distance substantially equal to the upwardextent of said flange thereon, and said guideways sloping slightlyoutwardly in a. downward direction, whereby, during final closingmovement of said sash, such upper portion of said sash is caused toshift bodily inwardly relative to said frame compensating for thesimultaneous outward swinging movement of said flange on-said sash aboutsuch point of pivotal connection and facilitating insertion of saidflange into said channel.

ARTHUR W. GRIST.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,659,103 Hauser Feb. 14, 1928 1,934,290 Wiley Nov. 7, 19332,109,973 Mosley Mar. 1, 1938 2,145,357 Kelly Jan. 31, 1.939 2,181,385Taylor Nov. 28, 1939 2,251,251 Larson July 29, 1941 2,478,061 StearnsAug. 2, 1949 2, 16,075 Reynaud July 18, 1950

